C

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C-Band
One of two parts of the radio frequency spectrum utilized for satellite transmissions. Uses uplink frequencies in the 6 GHz range and downlink frequencies in the 4 GHz range.

A major advantage of C-Band over KU-Band is that it is relatively impervious to weather conditions. A disadvantage is that the frequencies are shared with terrestrial microwave, requiring an extensive (and expensive) frequency search to ensure interference-free transmission.

The PRSS operates in C-Band.


Carrier
  1. Generally, the principle upon which all radio transmission is based. A wave of high enough frequency that it can be "radiated" through space which is in turn "encoded" or "modulated" by the program signal which needs to be transmitted.
  2. That part of AT&T Long Lines which takes care of installing and maintaining the microwave system which AT&T uses to transmit everything from phone calls to video from city to city.
  3. A system used by an increasing number of telcos to transmit anything between local offices. In this case it could be analog or digital. The important thing to remember is that a spec listed for a carrier facility is the maximum you can expect. The same spec listed for a copper facility is the minimum performance guaranteed.

CBC
The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation The entity in Canada that produces and distributes radio and television programming both domestically and internationally.
CCWT/CCWL
Came Clear While Testing/Came Dlear While Listening. Telco explanations for intermittent trouble.
Class of Service
Purchasable qualities of telco circuits, both local and interexchange. The later is presented here for historical sake but can no longer be ordered since AT&T is out of the long line audio business.
  • AAA Full-time 50 Hz -15 kHz
  • AA Full-time 50 Hz -8 KHz
  • A Full-time 100 Hz -5 KHz
  • BBB Occasional 50 Hz -15 KHz
  • BB Occasional 50 Hz -8 KHz
  • B Occasional 100 Hz -5 KHz (see FABLE)
  • C Full-time non-equalized or 300 Hz -3.5 KHz
  • D Occasional non-equalized or 300 Hz -3.5 KHz (see DELIN)

CNN
One of several satellite delivered cable networks,  Cable News Network is a 24 hour news and information service distributed worldwide from Atlanta.

The pundits predicted financial ruin for Ted, he's still around and operating multiple satellite-delivered TV Networks including CNN, CNN2 and TNT as well as super station WTBS. He sold his interest to Time Warner for very large $$$$


CoDec
Short for CODer/DECoder. A device for coding audio for transmission on a digital facility and decoding received transmissions back into audio. The quality is determined by the data rate, coding scheme and algorithm used by the designer of the equipment.

We use 15KHz codecs built by Northern Telecom for T1 transmission, and codecs built by Corporate Computer Systems (CCS Micro 56, Micro 56+, Micro 66i, CDQ-1000 & CDQ-2000), RE America (RE-660 & 661) and Telos Zephyr for both switched and dedicated services.


Commercial Sharing
The sale of excess satellite capacity to commercial customers. This is service intended for commercial use which would not qualify as EPS.
Common Carrier
A communications service that provides service without prejudice to all comers, at regulated rates, as long as facilities are available and bills are paid. The AT&T, Bell Atlantic, IDB and MCI, Sprint etc. are all common carriers.
Comrex
A manufacturer of a variety of broadcast equipment, most closely identified with their low frequency extenders for dial-up telephone lines.

A term now used generically to describe all one-line dial-up telephone line processors. The Comrex company was the first to market these products and still has the lions' share of the market.

This is a double ended system employing a 250 Hz frequency shift up at the xmit end and 250 Hz down at the receive end. No adjustments, other than setting level, should be required.

Have the xmit end send at the highest level that does not cause objectionable distortion. Material can be sent at full speed or half speed. Half speed can yield results similar to a 5 KHz program circuit, but is only suitable for recorded material. Always do a test recording of half speed material to determine proper operation of the processors and tape recorders.

There are decoders installed in the RC, Master Control and a spare in the basement.

Both MC and STC have two-line decoders.

A similar but incompatible technology is available from Rood.


Coordination Channel
One of the 5 kHz bandwidth, low signal-to-noise ratio satellite channels used to send digital data to and from the NPR STC. Channel "F1" sends DACS, Netcue, and URC signals outbound from Washington on a full-time basis. Channel "F2" sends uplink status data back to Washington from all URC equipped outland uplinks on a timeshared basis.

These systems are being revamped, but not replaced, by FISPO as part of the new satellite system.


Copper
  1. A mineral used in the manufacture of many things including wire.
  2. More importantly, a facility leased from a telco that is analog all-the-way: no carrier, no digital, no nothing but direct voltage in for voltage out.

Why do we care what scheme a phone company is using to deliver a service? Well, a carrier 5k is guaranteed to be good to 5k and that's it. A copper 5k in Washington will usually be good to considerably beyond 5k. The practical upshot is that we can get better performance for less money. The only problem is that you can't specify the type of equipment the Telco uses. In general new service is installed on carrier if it transits more than one central office.


CNYT
Current New York Time Eastern time in AT&T language.
CPB
The Corporation For Public Broadcasting The organization that channels the money appropriated by Congress for the support of public broadcasting to the public radio and television stations. The stations then buy the services and programs they want from NPR, PRI, PBS and other venders.
C-SPAN
The Cable Satellite Public Affairs Network. A TV Network funded by cable systems operates two satellite delivered cable channels. C-SPAN provides coverage of the House of Representatives while C-SPAN2 covers the United States Senate. Both services fill in the blanks with other hearings and events from around Washington.

Audio services are also provided by C-SPAN on some cable systems. BBC World Service is available on the SAP channel of C-SPAN2 in many areas.


CSU
Channel Service Unit The Switched56 equivelent of the ISDN terminal adapter. Profides the ability to dial a distant connection and transmlation of data from the audio codec to the data circuit.
Customer Level
+8 dBm transmitted level into a telco circuit. Frequency of continuous tones at this level should never exceed 400 Hz into an IXC.

NPR, and many other broadcasters, tend to operate at a lower level (+4dBm) to gain additional headroom and less distortion.


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